A study of etiology, clinical profile and prognosis in patients with acute kidney injury

 

 

Abstract              Background: Acute renal failure (ARF) refers to an abrupt and sustained decrease in renal function resulting in retention of nitrogenous (urea and creatinine) and non-nitrogenous waste products. AKI is common, harmful, treatable and largely preventable but there are very few studies available on this subject from India using various serum creatinine values.1 Hence we carried out this study to look into the varied etiology of AKI and their outcome using newer AKI definitions. Aim: To determine the cause, prognosis and outcome in patients of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) admitted in a tertiary care hospital Materials and Methods: A Hospital based Prospective study was conducted in Department of Medicine, Santhiram medical college and general hospital for a 1 year period. Universal Sampling Technique was used for selection of study subjects. All the patients coming to medicine department during the study period with age >18 years and Patients who fulfill AKIN criteria were taken for study after taking prior informed consent. Final sample size was 69 subjects of Acute Kidney Injury of varied etiology. Results: Mean of study subjects was 48.9 years (range from 19-87 years) with M: F ratio of 4.75:1. Most common etiology for AKI was Sepsis (14.5%) and Malaria infection (14.5%) followed by Dengue, AGI and Leptospirosis (11.6% each). Multi organ dysfunction (14.5%) was observed in patients of Sepsis and Lepto. Out of total patients, 46 (66.7% %) had stage II AKI, while 23 (33.3 %) had stage III AKI according to AKIN staging. A total of 11.6% patients were on dialysis. Two out of 23 patients of AKI stage III (8.7%) and one patient out of 46 (2.2%) belonging to AKI stage II died during the study. Conclusion: AKI was observed at a relatively younger age in present study with male preponderance. Most common etiologies were Sepsis and Malaria. Most of the patient of Sepsis, MODS and Leptospirosis were having stage III AKI. Overall mortality observed was 4.34

Key Word: acute kidney injury.