Study of prevalence of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at a tertiary hospital

 

Buddhiraj Shantinath Patil

 

Abstract              Background: Metabolic syndrome which is also known as syndrome X is characterized by low concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), hypertriglyceridaemia, impaired glucose tolerance, increased blood pressure and central obesity. According to NCEP ATP III, individuals with metabolic syndrome are at risk of developing Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and insulin resistance, which confers risk for type 2 Diabetes. This study was done to report the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes melitus attending diabetes clinic at our tertiary health center. Material and Methods: Present study was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted in out-patient department of Medicine in randomly selected 400 (200 male, 200 female) type II diabetic subjects, from 30-70 years age group, who were willing to participate and who had given informed written consent were considered for present study. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the NCEP:ATP III criteria and prevalence was calculated. Results: Total 400 diabetes mellitus patients were included in present study (200 – male, 200- female). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was noted to be 61% as NCEP-ATPIII criteria (30% male, 31% female). Mean age of males 51 ± 9.7 years and females 50 ± 11.1 years. Family history of diabetes melitus, hypertension was present in 41 % and 55 % patients respectively. In patients with metabolic syndrome, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol was noted in 38 % (18% – male, 20% - female), significant waist circumference (≥94 cm in men, >80 cm in women) in 64 % (31% – male, 33% - female) and duration of diabetes mellitus >5 years in 64 % (32% – male, 31% - female). A significant difference between male and female was noted in low HDL cholesterol, significant waist circumference and duration of diabetes mellitus >5 years variables. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was noted to be 61% as NCEP-ATPIII criteria. Conclusion: In type 2 diabetic patients with obesity and hypertension are at a high risk of developing metabolic syndrome components. Awareness should be spread among newly diagnosed diabetics about risk associated with metabolic syndrome.

Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, central obesity, HDL cholesterol.