Acute coronary syndrome in young adult patients and its associated risk factors

 

Mareppa Kattimani¹, Tribeni Sarmah^2*

 

¹Ex PG, ²Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA.

Email: mareppakattimani622@gmail.com

 

Abstract              Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Young patients are more likely to have a history of smoking and dyslipidemia, but less likely to have other co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension. Aim: To analyse the frequency of different risk factors for coronary artery disease with focus on novel risk factors in young (≤ 40 years) population presenting with ACS in North East, India. Material and Methods: Patients aged 40 years or less than 40 years of age who were diagnosed as case of acute coronary syndrome on the basis of clinical history, examination, ECG changes and biochemical markers. Results: All the patients with ACS have at least one identifiable risk factor and 38 patients (76%) has multiple risk factors.Smoking was the most common risk factor (64%) followed by dyslipidemia (54%), obesity (36%), hypertension (30%),diabetes(28%), positive family history of IHD (18%). Conclusion: Preventive strategies focused on risk factor reduction, by lifestyle modification especially smoking cessation, weight reduction and dietary control should be implemented to protect young adults.

Key Words: Acute coronary syndrome, young adults, smoking, dyslipidemia, risk factors.