Determination of the causes of ESRD among patients receiving hemodialysis

 

 

Abstract              Background: This study presents the main causes of End Stage Renal Diseases (ESRD) among patients who have been receiving hemodialysis. The study has also evaluated the adequacy of hemodialysis provided to these patients using a Urea Reduction Ratio (URR). Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of 110 patients with ESRD. After identification of the causes of ESRD the study evaluated the dialysis adequacy using Urea Reduction Ratio (URR). Correlation was done to determine the association between dialysis dose and patient outcomes. Results: The mean age of patients was 53.9 %. Male patients who underwent hemodialysis for their end stage renal diseases are three times more than females. Diabetes Mellitus alone (DM) is the leading cause of ESRD among patients receiving hemodialysis with 34.5 % followed by diabetes mellitus plus hypertension covering 29.1 %. 87 % of the patients have shown 65% and above URR while only 13 % of the patients who received hemodialysis were found to have URR of 65%. The average URR was 66.6 %. The mean hemoglobin after hemodialysis was found to be 8.5 g/dl. There is a negative correlation between URR and hemoglobin with a P value of 0.0484. Out of all the patients who received hemodialysis 29.1 % showed clinical improvement. Conclusions: The study found that the urea reduction ratio (URR) after hemodialysis was adequate. The outcome of patients with adequate URR was associated with decreases mortality. Diabetes Mellitus is the leading cause of ESRD among patients receiving hemodialysis followed by diabetes mellitus plus hypertension

Key Word: End stage renal disease, hemodialysis, Urea reduction ratio