Dilip Kumar Singaraju^1*, Menta Sunil Dattu²

^1,2Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.

Email: dilipsingaraju14@yahoo.com

REFERENCES

1. Adams F. The genuine works of Hippocrates. Vol. 51. Baltimore: William and Wilkins Company; 1939. p. 2.
2.  Lee KS, Im JG, Kim YH, Hwang SH, Bae WK, Lee BH. Treatment of thoracic multiloculated empyema with intra cavitary urokinase: A prospective study. Radiology. 1991; 179: 771–5.
3. Katariya K, Thurer RJ. Surgical management of empyema. Clin Chest Med.1998; 19: 395–406.
4. Acharya PR, Shah KV. Empyema thoracis: A clinical study. Ann Thorac Med. 2007; 2(1):14-17.
5. Geha AS. Pleural empyema. Changing etiologic, bacteriologic, and therapeutic aspects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1971;61: 626–35.
6. Sherman MM, Subramanian V, Berger RL. Management of thoracic empyema. Am J Surg. 1977; 133: 474–79.
7. DS, Seaton A, Seaton D, Leitch AG, editors. Crofton and Douglas's respiratory diseases. 5th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2000. pp. 445–58.
8. Kamat. A prospective study of 100 cases of chronic empyema in Bombay. Lung India. 1985;3:15–19
9. Nadeem A, Bilal A, Shah SA. Presentation and management of empyema thoracis at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2004;16(1):14-17
10. Markanday A.Acute Phase Reactants in Infections: Evidence-Based Review and a Guide for Clinicians.Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2015; 2(3):1-7.
11. Ferguson D, Prescott RJ, Selkon JB, Watson D, Swinburn CR. QJ Med 1996; 89: 285-289.
12. Kwon YS. Pleural Infection and Empyema.Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2014; 76(4): 160–162.
13. Karkhanis VS, Joshi JM.Pleural effusion: diagnosis, treatment, and management. Open Access Emerg Med. 2012; 4: 31–52.
14. Deas1auriers J, Mehran R. Handbook of perioperative care in general thoracic surgery. Mosby Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Elsevier; 2005.
15. Vardhan MV, Tewari SC, Prasad BNBM, Nikumb SK. Empyema thoracis-study of present day clinical and etiological profile and management techniques.
16.  Kuan-Yu C, Po-Ren H, Yuang-Shuang L, Pan-Chyr Y, Kwen-Tay L. A 10-year experience with bacteriology of acute thoracis empyema: emphasis on Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients with diabetes mellitus. Chest. 2000;117(6):1685-1689.
17. Zhai K, Lu Y, Shi HZ. Tuberculous pleural effusion. J Thorac Dis. 2016l;8(7): E486–E494.
18. Mandal AK, Thadepalli H, Mandal AK, Chettipally U. Outcome of primary empyema thoracis: therapeutic and microbiologic aspects. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66: 1782-1786.
19. Arivudainambi VP. Outcome and mortality analysis in complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema. Int J Clin Trials 2017; 4(4):176-83.