A study of cardiovascular manifestations of thyroid disorders

 

Chingakham Arunkumar¹^*, Thiyam Brojendro Singh²^*, Konsam Biona Devi³, Laishram Chittaranjan Singh⁴, Laitonjam Lalitkumar Singh⁵, Amit Das⁶

 

¹Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences, Porompat, Imphal, Manipur, INDIA.

{²Associate Professor, ³Senior Resident, ^4,6PGT, Department of General Medicine}{⁵PGT, Department of Microbiology} Regional Institute of Medical Sciences RIMS, Lamphelpat, Imphal, Manipur, INDIA.

 

REFERENCES

1. Larsen PR, Davies TF, Schllumberger MJ, Hay ID. Thyroid physiology and diagnostic evaluation of patients with thyroid disorders. In: Larsen, Kronenberg, Melmed, Polonsky, editors. Williams` Text book of endocrinology. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Saunder; 2003. p. 331.
2. Klein I. Endocrine disorders and cardiovascular. In: Zipes, Libby, Bonow, Braunwald, editors. Braunwald’s Heart disease. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2005. p. 2056-59.
3. Park K. Park’s textbook of preventive and social medicine.20th ed. Jabalpur: Bhanot; 2009. p. 557.
4. Sawin CT, Castelli WP, Hershman JM, McNamara P, Bacharach P. The aging thyroid. Thyroid deficiency in the Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med 1985 Aug; 145 (8):1386-8.
5. Klein I, Mantell P, Parker M. Resolution of abnormal muscle enzymes in hypothyroidism. Am J Med Sci 1980; 279:159.
6. Trivalle C, Doucet J, Chassagne P, et al. Differences in the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism in older and younger patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996; 44:50.
7. Inukhai T, Takanashi K, Kobayashi H, et al. Power spectral analysis of heart rate in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Horm Metab Res 1998; 30:531.
8. Graettinger JS, Muenster JJ, Selverstone LA, et al. A correlation of clinical and hemodynamics studies in patients with hyperthyroidism with and without heart failure. J Clin Invest 1959; 19:1316.
9. Danzi S, Klein I. Thyroid hormone and blood pressure regulation. In: Current hypertension Rep 2003; 5:513.
10. Fredlund B, Olsson SB. Long QT interval and ventricular tachycardia of “Torsade de pointes” type in hypothyroidism. Acta Med Scand 1983; 213:231.
11. Myerowitz P, Kamienski R, Swanson D, et al. Diagnosis and management of the hypothyroid patient with chest pain. J Thorac Cardiovas Surg 1983 Jul; 86:57.
12. Cacciatori V, Bellavere F, Pezzarossa A, et al. Power spectral analysis of heart rate in hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81:2828.
13. Wieshammer WF Jr, Keck F, Waitzinger J, et al. Acute hypothyroidism slows the rate of left ventricular diastolic relaxation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1988; 67:1007.
14. Mintz G, Pizzarello, Klein I. Enhanced left ventricular diastolic function in hyperthyroidism: noninvasive assessment and response to treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 73:146.