|
Table of Content - Volume 7 Issue 3 - September 2017
Prevalence of asymptomatic urinary abnormalities among students of a university – A cross sectional study
Hemanth Kumar S R1*, Mallikarjan S Khanpet2, Apoorva E Patel3
1Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Bengaluru, Karnataka- 560054,INDIA.
2Professor, Department of General Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka- 590010, INDIA.
3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Community Medicine, AIMSRC, Devanahalli, Bengaluru rural, Karnataka, INDIA- 562110.
Email: drhemanthsr@gmail.com
REFERENCES
- Ahmed Z, Lee J. Asymptomatic urinary abnormalities. Hematuria and proteinuria. Med clin North Am 1997;81:641-52
- Longo DL, Kasper DL, Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Hauser Sl et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine.18th Ed. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Medical Publishing Division, 2011
- Abitbol C, Zilleruelo G, Freundlich M. Quantitation of proteinuria with urine protein/creatinine ratios and random testing with dipsticks in children. J Pediatr 1990; 116: 243-7.
- Bard RH: The significance of asymptomatic hematuria in women and its economic implications: A ten-year study. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 2629-32.
- Iseki K, Ikemiya Y, Iseki C, Takishitas S. Proteinuria and Risk of developing end stage renal disease. Kidney Intl 2003; 63: 1468-74.
- Simerville JA, Maxted WC, Pahira JJ. Urinalysis: A Comprehensive Review. Am Fam Physician 2005; 71(6): 1153-62.
- Vivante A, Afek A, Frenkel-Nir Y, Tzur D, Farfel A, Golan E, et al. Persistent asymptomatic isolated microscopic hematuria in Israeli adolescents and young adults and risk of end – stage renal disease. JAMA 2011; 306(7): 729-36.
- Mohr DN, Offord KP, Owen RA, Melton LJ 3d. Asymptomatic micro-hematuria and urologic disease. A population-based study. JAMA 1986; 256: 224–9.
- Mohr DN, Offord KP, Melton LJ 3d. Isolated asymptomatic microhematuria: a cross-sectional analysis of test-positive and test-negative patients. J Gen Intern Med. 1987; 2: 318–24.
- Messing EM, Young TB, Hunt VB, Emoto SE, Wehbie JM. The significance of asymptomatic microhematuria in men 50 or more years old: findings of a home screening study using urinary dipsticks. J Urol 1987; 137: 919–22.
- Waugh JJ, Clark TJ, Divakaran TG, Khan KS, Kilby MD. Accuracy of urinalysis dipstick techniques in predicting significant proteinuria in pregnancy. ObstetGynecol 2004; 103: 769-77.
- Molvneux EM, Robson WJ. A dipstick test for urinary tract infections. J AccidEmerg Med 1995; 12: 191-3.
- Lum G. How effective are screening tests for microalbuminuria in random urine specimens? Ann Clin lab Sci 2000; 30: 406-11.
- Misdraji J, Nguyen PL. Urinalysis. When and when not to order. Postgrad Med 1996; 100: 173-6.
- Carl RS, Silverberg DS, Kaminsky R, Aviram A. Routine urinalysis (dipstick) findings in mass screening of health adults. Clin chem. 1987; 33: 2106-8.
- Fouad M, Boraie M.Prevalence of Asymptomatic Urinary Abnormalities Among Adolescents.Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2016;27(3):500-506.
- Hanif R, Ally SH, Jalal-ud-din, Khan K. Effectiveness of routine urine analysis of patients attending rural health centres in Abbottabad. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2006; 18 (3): 63-64.
- Singh NP, Ingle GK, Saini VK, Jami A, Beniwal P, Lal M and Meena GS. Prevalence of low glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria and associated risk factors in North India using Cockcroft-Gault and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation: an observational, cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrology 2009; 10: 4.
- Ahmed I, John GT, Kirubakaran MG. Prevalence of proteinuria in rural adult population in Tamil Nadu. Ind J Med Res 2006; 124: 185-8.
- Levitt JI: The prognostic significance of proteinuria in young college students. Ann Intern Med 1967; 66(4): 685-96.
- Prakash J, Singh AK, Saxena RK, Usha. Glomerular diseases in the elderly in India. International Urology and Nephrology 2003; 35: 283–8.
- Vorland LH, Carlson K, Aalen O. An epidemiological survey of urinary tract infections among outpatients in Northern Norway. Scand J Infect Dis 1985; 17: 277-83.
- Valkenburg HA. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections. Urol 1987; 13 (Suppl 1): 5-8.
|
|