Study Bronchial Asthma in school going children of Bihar

 

Kavindra Kumar

 

Abstract              Background: Bronchial Asthma has become an important public health problem especially in children because of over protection to children. Childhood asthma is mostly under diagnosed and under treated. Moreover prevalence of asthma varies from place to place but aggravation of asthma is multi factorial. Method: Out of 87 children 55 were Male and 32 were female Aged between 5 to 15 Blood examination, CBC, AEC, ESR, RBS, chest x-ray was carried out pulmonary function test also carried out in doubtful patients. Results: Clinical manifestation were 9 (10.3%) had asthma associated with obesity, In 125 (13.7%) onset of asthma > 2 years of age 7 (8.04%) had nocturnal exacerbation 10 (11.4%) got relief with branch dilatators, 13 (14.9%) seasonal exacerbation 5 (15.7%) exercise induced asthma, 11 (12.6%) trigger induced attacks 8 (9.19%) A febrile episode, 12 (13.7%) had family history. The risk factors were 4 (4.59%) were in contact with cat 6 (6.89%) with dog, 11 (12.6%) were in contact with both. 66 (75.8%) with none 36 (41.3%) had exposure to smoke, 51 (58.6%) with dust. 15 (17.2%) used electricity as fuel for cooking, 38 (43.6%) used LPG, Gas, 34 (39.08%) used open fire for cooking. 33 (37.9%) staying at open residential locality 54 (62%) were at crowded locality 16 (18.3%) upper socio-economic, 30 (34.4%) middle, 41 (47.1%) were lower socio economic status. Conclusion: Apart from the treatment their contacts, risk factors have to be monitored to prevent morbidity and mortality among children because bronchial asthma is an idiopathic disease.

Keywords: Bronchitis, socio-economic, exposure, contacts, allergy, atophy.

 

INTRODUCTION

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases. It is chronic inflammatory disorder of the air way. When unadorned, often results into augmented morbidity for the enduring and indirect economic fatalities for the community. Geographical location environmental, ethnicity, behaviour and life style are allied with the disease¹ Infact Asthma is a syndrome characterised by airflow obstruction that differs strikingly, both instinctively and with the treatment. There are different types receptors in airway makes distinct types of inflammation leads to excessive narrowing with consequent reduced air flow and symptomatic wheezing and dyspnoea^2,3. Narrowing of the airways is usually reversible but in some patients with chronic asthma there may be an element of irreversible airflow obstruction which causes distress. The distress due to airflow obstruction varies 4 to 7% globally, but childhood asthma diverges widely from country to country because of variations in the climate, temperature, habit and habitat ⁽⁴⁾⁽⁵⁾. Hence apart from treatment, a preventive measure has to be ruled out

 

MATERIAL AND METHOD

87 school going children attending OPD of paediatric department of Lord Buddha Koshi Medical College hospital saharsa – 800027 (Bihar) were studies.

Inclusive Criteria: Out of 87, 55 were male and 32 were female Aged between 5 to 15 having symptoms of bronchial asthma were selected for study.

Exclusion Criteria: children having history of pulmonary tuberculosis (PT). Chronic lung disease (Bronchiecstasies, Interstitial lung disease, congenital heart disease), immune compromised patients were excluded from the study.

Method: History of each patient was noted. Majority of the children belonged to middle socio-economic status. Blood examination CBC, AEC, ESR, RBS, and chest x-ray was also carried out. Pulmonary function test (Spirometry) was done in only doubtful patients and treated accordingly. The duration of study was 25 March 2019 to 12 March 2020.

Statistical Analysis: Children were classified age wise gender wise clinical manifestation and risk factors for prevalence of Bronchial asthma in children were classified with percentage. The statistical analysis was carried out with percentage out in SPSS software.

This research paper was approved by ethical committee of Lord Budda Koshi Medical College and Hospital, Saharsa, Bihar.

 

OBSERVATION AND RESULTS

Table-1: Age wise classification of children suffering with Bronchial Asthma 3 (3.44%) were 6 years old, 4 (4.59) were 7 years old, 5 (5.74) were 8 years old, 8 (9.19%) were 9 years old, 7 (8.04%) were 10 years old, 11 (12.6%) were 11 years old 12 (13.7%) were 12 years old, 13 (14.9%) were 13 years old, 10 (11.4%) were 14 years old, 14 (16%) were 15 years old (Table-1).

Table-2: In the sex wise classification 55 (63.2%) were male, 32 (36.7%) were female.

 Table-3: Clinical manifestations of children with Bronchial Asthma 9 (10.3%) had asthma associated with obesity 12 (13.7) had onset of Asthma after 2 years (> 2 years), 7 (8.04%) had Nocturnal exacerbation, 10 (11.4%) get relief with Bronchodilators 13 (14.9%) get seasonal exacerbation, 5 (5.74%) Excercise induced, 11 (12.6%) had trigger induced attacks 8 (9.19%) A febrile episode, 12 (13.7%) had family history or Atophy.

Table-4: Study of risk factors for children with bronchial asthma – 4 (4.59%) associated with cat, 6 (6.89%) contact with Dog, 11 (12.6%) contact with both (dog and cat), 36 (41.3%) had exposed to smoke, 51 (58.6%) exposed to Dust, 15 (17.2%) used electricity as fuel for cooking, 38 (43.6%) used LPG for cooking, 34 (39.08%) used open fire for cooking, 33 (37.9%) staying at open locality, 54 (62 %) in crowded locality, 16 (18.3%) had upper socio-econmic status, 30 (34.4%) were middle and 41 (47.1%) were lower socio-economic status.

 

 

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